Trail orienteering

Trail orienteering focuses on map reading and terrain interpretation. Each control has up to five different control flags. Looking from a distance, from a trail or road, you need to determine which flag is placed correctly based on the control circle on the map and the control description.
Everyone competes at the same level, regardless of gender, age and physical ability. The terrain is easily accessible, i.e. trails and roads that are accessible for wheelchairs, bikes etc.

A photo of a trail orienteering course.

The map

The map is enlarged to a scale of 1:5 000, which is usually used for competitions. For other events, a scale of 1:2 000-1:10 000 might be used.

The course

The course length is usually about two kilometers, with plenty of time available. The maximum time is calculated based on the course length plus the number of controls (usually about two hours).


A course consists of 15 to 30 controls. Each control has up to five flags, where you need to decide which one is correct.

Competition map from the TrailO World Championship, 2016 in Strömstad
Above is a competition map from the TrailO World Championship in Strömstad 2016, which includes the related control description. 

The control

The controls are different kinds of terrain features, such as boulders, knolls and re-entrants. On the map, these are marked with a circle, and in the terrain with orange-white flags.

Between one to five flags are placed at each control, and it’s up to the competitor to determine which flag is correctly placed. For the elite and A-classes, there’s also the option that none of the flags are placed correctly, a so-called false control.

A mix of a photo and an illustration of a control.
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